Terumah

The 5776 (2015-2016) cycle of Dvar Tzedek is a special one. To commemorate AJWS’s 30th anniversary, we are sharing a selection of some of our favorite commentaries from past years. Each legacy commentary will be introduced with a related reflection on AJWS’s work and contemporary issues.

Introductory Reflection

As all eyes are on the Zika virus spreading throughout Latin America, we reflect back on Rabbi David Jaffe’s 2015 Dvar Tzedek on Parashat Terumah. Rabbi Jaffe recalls his experience visiting Ghana with AJWS, where he sought to forge a deep connection with the activists he met there. Finding inspiration from the cherubs—which turned inward or away depending on the Israelites’ connection with God or lack thereof—he realized he needed to turn his focus toward his hosts in order to “open the way to a more ideal relationship of solidarity.” As he writes, “The small gesture of turning toward one another can be the difference between inviting a relationship to form or dismissing someone cruelly as a stranger.”

It is critical for the world to respond to those affected by Zika with solidarity, not cruelty. Yet so far, the world has turned away from, rather than toward, those who are most at risk. In response to the virus, which is thought to cause defects in the newborn babies of some mothers who have been infected, the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) has declared a crisis and government officials in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and El Salvador are now advising women to avoid getting pregnant for up to two years.

This advice puts the responsibility for prevention solely on women and misses four important realities: First, most women in these countries do not have access to the full range of family planning and reproductive health services. Second, they live with the horrific reality of sexual violence that results in unintended pregnancies. Third, women and girls are not the only people responsible for avoiding pregnancy; men, too should be implicated in the recommendations. And finally, too few governments and local communities support women’s health as a shared responsibility.

In the wake of the spread of the virus and misguided government advice, American Jewish World Service (AJWS) affirms that women and girls have:

• The right to the full range of reproductive health and family planning services;
• The right to make independent decisions about their own bodies and lives;
• The right to live free from violence and fear; and
• The right to access medical treatment in the wake of a public health crisis.

Let us turn toward the women and girls of Latin America and stand in solidarity with them. Please sign this petition that urges W.H.O. to fight Zika, not women and girls, and read Rabbi Jaffe’s inspiring piece below.

Sitting in the dusty courtyard of Challenging Heights, in Sangor, Ghana, surrounded by children rescued from slavery, I realized I was not truly present. It was 2012, and I was on an AJWS rabbinical delegation intended to inspire American clergy to deepen our commitment to global justice by connecting with people in the Global South whom we seek to help.

Moments earlier, our facilitator asked us if we were feeling pity, sympathy, empathy or solidarity in our relationship with our Ghanaian hosts. In the AJWS framework, these were a continuum of ways of relating to people living with poverty and injustice that ascended from paternalism to the ideals of partnership and empowerment. As I thought about this question, my honest answer was that I was nowhere near solidarity. Despite hearing the founder, himself a child slave, describe his heroic efforts to save children from slavery and give them an education; and despite exerting my body carrying cement and cinder blocks to build housing at the school, I related to them, at best, with sympathy for their poverty.

Instead of forging a deep connection with my hosts, my mind was occupied by the interpersonal and Jewish identity dynamics or our diverse rabbinic group from the U.S. The Ghanaians around us were a fascinating backdrop and context to this Jewish journey. The facilitator’s question startled me and forced me to reflect on this: How could I be here, but not connect deeply with the people in front of me?

Through rich symbolism, Parashat Terumah describes the ideal of being truly present for one another and hints at how to achieve this presence. Terumah introduces us to the Mishkan, the Tabernacle the Israelites built at the beginning of their journey in the desert that would be the meeting place between them and God. The centerpiece of the Mishkan is the aron, the container of the tablets of the Torah, covered by a gold statue of two winged cherubs. The cherubs’ wings spread over their heads and almost touch at the top. From the space between the wings, as God says to Moses, “I will be known to you there and will speak with you…” (Exodus 25:22). A place of knowing and being truly known stands at the center of this structure, considered by Jewish tradition to be a microcosm of all creation.

This container is the centerpiece of the Mishkan and central to achieving a connection with the Divine. The tablets of the Torah rest at the bottom, but God does not speak from the tablets. God speaks from above the cherubs, who face each other in a gesture of genuine relationship. The Sages teach that the cherubs faced each other when the Israelites behaved well and turned away from each other when idolatry and oppression reigned. Lying in between the tablets and the cherubs is a narrow, ornamental strip of gold called the Zer, which Rashi calls a “crown for the Torah.” The zer seems to have no functional purpose but is a crucially important symbol.

Zer, as written in the Torah scroll without vowels, is also the word for “stranger”—zar. Medieval commentator Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra[1] notes that the word for cruel, akzar, is based on the Hebrew root for stranger (zar)—implying that cruelty grows when we make each other into strangers. The turned face of the cherubs is a graphic image of this estrangement and distance. When the cherubs face each other the zer is a crown, but when they turn away, it evokes alienation and cruelty.

The message of the zer/zar is that something as small as one vowel distinguishes between human and Divine communion or estrangement and cruelty. This idea has powerful implications for our relationships with people, as well. The small gesture of turning toward one another can be the difference between inviting a relationship to form or dismissing someone cruelly as a stranger.

Applying this idea to my experience in Ghana, I realized that a very small shift in my own thoughts or behavior could open the way to a more ideal relationship of solidarity with our Ghanian hosts. I realized that a feeling of familiarity with my rabbinic colleagues made our group seem much more interesting to me than the Ghanaian men and women who dedicated their lives to educating these young former slaves. I needed to reduce the space the group dynamic was taking and give space in my mind to the real purpose of our visit, accompanying and supporting the life-saving work of Challenging Heights.

To do this required turning in, like the cherubs. I approached one of the young teachers and began asking questions about his life. I recognized myself in his story of his desire to help his people. This was the beginning of empathy. My curiosity grew as we embarked on a cycle of questions and deeper connection. Each question I asked stoked a genuine desire to listen, and metaphorically turned my face toward our hosts and helped me begin to develop a real relationship. While I still had distance to travel, I was now on the path towards the kind of solidarity that evokes Divine presence here in this world.